In the aftermath of the arab spring in various countries, there was a wave of violence. Analysis of the arab spring 3 blunders in state response, in particular using a heavyhanded approach and trying to crush opposition, had the reverse effect of galvanising more people to join the protests icg, 2011b and 2011d. Jan 27, 2016 the arab spring nations arent the only countries with brittle autocratic governments that could suddenly and catastrophically collapse. Unemployment rates 2010, 2015 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% algeria libya morocco tunisia 2010 2015 source. More than a quartermillion people flooded into tahrir square in cairo on feb. The impact of the arab spring concerns protests or by the way attempts to organize growing protest movements that were inspired by or similar to the arab spring in the arabmajority states of north africa and the middle east, according to commentators, organisers, and critics. Arab spring or arab awakening part 1 by siddhant agnihotri b. The arab spring was ultimately a symptom of a deeper issue. Arab spring used their powers vehemently to crush the demonstrators and consequently the peaceful protesters also became violent. Women played an essential role in the arab uprisings that swept the middle east and north africa all through last year. The roots and causes of the 2011 arab uprisings kamal eldin osman salih abstract. It soon spread to other countries in north africa and the middle east. The arab spring five years later geopolitical futures. Thi s researc h articl e attempts to scrutinize the nature and cause s of the ara b uprising s which too k people by surpris e globall y throughou t 2011 and int o 2012.
He is the author, with jason brownlee and andrew reynolds, of the arab spring. Since its commencement in the upsurge of the arab spring in 2011, the syrian civil war has claimed in excess of 200,000 lives, with an estimated eight million syrians, more than a third of the countrys population, forced to flee their homes. This report assesses the impact of the arab spring on the mena region, drawing on briefings, reports. The common slogan of the protesters throughout arab spring was the people want to bring down the regime aissa, 2012. Noted authorities writing specifically for this volume contribute chapters focusing on countries directly or indirectly involved, illuminating the immediate and longterm impacts of the revolutions in the region and throughout the world. An islamic group in egypt that helped the arab spring because they wanted to take over egypt and make it an islamic state. Avicious circle of mutually reinforcing negative repercussions muriel asseburg protests, revolts and the fall of decadesold leaderships have brought about political openings and the chance, at least in some arab states, to embark on. However, the recent arab uprisings, better known as the arab spring, have intensified volatility, turning this hotspot into a veritable tinderbox. This po l i c y br i e f attempts to analyze whether and how the arab spring might affect regional foreign and security policies in the context of con. By fire and ben jellouns nonfiction book on tunisia, the spark, were originally published in french in 2011. The arab spring as a revolutionary wave had ended around 2012. The story of the arab spring is far from over al jazeera.
The unsexy truth about why the arab spring failed vox. Terrible rulers, sullen populations, a terrorist fringe the arabs exceptionalism was becoming not just a human disaster but a moral one. The arab spring its impact on the region and on the middle east conference of the regime and within the regime, with the former comprising tunisia, egypt, and libya and the latter including jordan and saudi arabia. The arab spring unexpectedly developed in late 2010 with peaceful protests in a number of arab countries against longstanding, entrenched regimes, and rapid political change across the region ensued. Following the baby boom of the 1970s, the average family size in the middle east and northern africa mena dropped sharply, from an average of 6. This is an arab revolution 27 atlantic centrism 30 is cairo the next new york.
Demystifying the arab spring parsing the differences between tunisia, egypt, and libya lisa anderson in tunisia, protesters escalated calls for the restoration of the countrys suspended constitution. What was the main group behind the arab spring in egypt. Slide 1 of 31, tunisians from the countrys south joined protests on jan. With a foreword by patrick cockburn more than ever in the era of 24hour soundbite news, events demand the long view if they are to be explicable. Strictly speaking, the arab spring ended in february 2012, when ali abdullah saleh, thethen dictator of yemen, fell from power. Syria this guide lists online and print sources for what has become known as the arab spring, the popular revolutionary wave in the middle east and north africa that started in december 2010. Two key developments set the stage for what is happening in the arab world today. Development of conflict in arab spring libya and syria. Then, a frustrated tunisian fruit vendor summoned his fellows to a new history, and millions heeded his call.
Arab spring exam 2 conceptscountries flashcards quizlet. The armed forces played a decisive role in many of the arab uprisings, particularly the early ones. Demystifying the arab spring university of california. Roots and causes of the arab uprisings there is a consensu s among politica l analysts regardin g the cocktai l of major factors that, when combined, created the socia l explosio n known as the 2011 arab uprisings. Secondly, while analyses of irans role in the persian gulf and the wider middle east may diverge in their conclusions, they acknowledge, implicitly or outright, that iran matters. Ben jellouns deliberate ambiguity about the location of the story, set in an unnamed. Between the islamic state and the nationstate the brookings project on u. Reflections from october 2011 to september 20 67 1.
These demonstrations and protest efforts have all been critical of the government in their respective countries. Barack obama signals selective us response to arab spring. The arab spring uprisings of 2011 triggered a wide set of social movements and regime change across the middle east and north africa. Bouazizi died at the ben arous burn and trauma centre 18 days after the immolation, on 4 january 2011, at 5. The reawakening of the arab worldexamines the complex interplay of nations regarding the arab spring and its continuing, turbulent seasons. The reasons and economic and political consequences of arab.
Prince, tom petty, steve winwood, jeff lynne and others while my guitar gently weeps duration. The events of the arab spring in syria have led to the reevaluation of turkeys re gional policy and forced it to make a choice. Within a few months, a wave of protest had swept away the despots of tunisia, egypt and libya. As egyptians savour an historic day, here is an updated regionwide democracy scorecard. Opinion the arab spring is 2011, not 1989 the new york. Barack obamas speech on the middle east was a belated response to extraordinary events over which the us has so far exercised precious little influence.
The arab spring jason marshall introduction the arab spring is a blanket term to cover a multitude of uprisings and protests in the middle east that began in the winter of 2010 and continue today. The independents robert fisk and patrick cockburn, two of the most acclaimed middle east correspondents of our generation, examine the events of this regional tsunami that threatens to have an impact on our world for years to come. Protests that spread across the region in early 2011 started a longterm process of political and social transformation, marked in the initial stages primarily by political turbulence, economic difficulties, and even conflict. The western media, unlike in tunisia, picked up the arab spring in egypt, which undoubtedly help protestors gain recognition and expose mubaraks suppressive regime. Algeria underwent a political opening too, one that commenced in november 1988 with the adoption of a number of politi cal reforms that. The balance of states, algeria, djibouti, jordan, kuwait, lebanon, mauritania, morocco, oman and saudi arabia, have experienced only minor changes, returning to or retaining a prearab spring. Thus in terms of shifting regional politics and irans role within the context of these changes, the arab spring has served to highlight the extent to which relations between actors can not be confined to a bilateral context. The arab springs impact on the middle east has been profound, even if in many places its final outcome might not become clear for at least a generation.
The reasons of arab spring arab spring was triggered by economic hardships and peoples democratic aspirations stepan and linz, 20. Tahar ben jellouns by fire, the first fictional account published on the arab spring, reimagines the truelife selfimmolation of mohamed bouazizi in tunisia, an event that has been credited with setting off the tunisian revolt. Algeria underwent a political opening too, one that commenced in november 1988 with the adoption of a number of politi cal reforms that seemed to open the way for the dismantling of single. But, by 2012 the arab spring had morphed into arab winter bringing death, destruction, and despair. The possible outcome of the arab spring scenarios for the future i. The third arab awakening came in the nick of time, and it may still usher in freedom. Beginning with amins compelling interpretation of the 2011 popular arab explosions, the book is comprised of five chapters including a. Former us ally muammar ghaddafi institutes a media blackout in libya. What the arab spring means for sudan that have unified the bulk of world opinion against them, it seems inevitable that a tipping point will eventually be reached regarding sudan, when one too many atrocities are committed, followed by a unified call for change. The first was the destruction of saddam husseins baathist regime a ruthless dictatorship partly because of how much underlying chaos it. Disturbances have ranged from protests to full civil war and the overthrow of government.
This is most evident in the very title the arab spring in the autumn of capital and in the conclusion of the postscript. Meanwhile, egyptians rose in revolt as strikes across the country brought daily life to a halt and toppled the government. Real gdp growth 2010, 2015 fffi fffi6% fffi4% fffi2% fffi 0% ff 2% ff 4% ff algeria libya morocco tunisia 2010 2015. Jan 28, 2016 the arab spring was ultimately a symptom of a deeper issue. These demonstrations and protest efforts have all been critical of. While interconnected, uprisings in each nation took different forms and reached. The novella depicts the days leading up to bouazizis selfimmolation. Writings on the arab spring, by tahar ben jelloun, due out in june, is a fictionalized account of the suicide by immolation of a young tunisian man named mohamed bouazizi. The arab spring therefore has demonstrated a strong regional dynamic. The reasons and economic and political consequences of. Triggers, dynamics and prospects stephan rosiny on 17 december 2010, the selfimmolation of tunisian vegetable vendor mohammed bouazizi sparked the arab spring.
The arab spring is about justice and equity as much as it is about democracy, because societies in which millions of. The balance of states, algeria, djibouti, jordan, kuwait, lebanon, mauritania, morocco, oman and saudi arabia, have experienced only minor changes, returning to or retaining a pre arab spring. This would inevitably have been the case given the countrys. The arab spring was a movement in favor of democracy in the arab world. Noted authorities writing specifically for this volume contribute chapters focusing on.
The first was the destruction of saddam husseins baathist regime a ruthless dictatorship partly because of how much underlying chaos it had to control. Demystifying the arab spring university of california, san. The fallout that happened, including repression, sectarianism, violence, and war that frequently made headlines, fell into either the aforementioned arab winter or were unrelated events. Real gdp growth 2010, 2015 fffi fffi6% fffi4% fffi2% fffi 0% ff 2% ff 4% ff algeria libya morocco tunisia 2010 2015 source. Bahrain this guide lists online and print sources for what has become known as the arab spring, the popular revolutionary wave in the middle east and north africa that started in december 2010. Change and resistance in the middle east examines these revolutions and their aftermath. Arab spring and womens rights council on foreign relations. What the arab spring means for sudan enough project.
Pathways of repression and reform 2015 and of counting islam. Pdf arab spring as a background of civil war in syria. The impact of the arab spring concerns protests or by the way attempts to organize growing protest movements that were inspired by or similar to the arab spring in the arab majority states of north africa and the middle east, according to commentators, organisers, and critics. Disturbances have ranged from protests to full civil war and.
Some refer to post2012 civil wars and other developments as arab winter. Egypts spring began in the capital however, the police and military forces were ready to respond to protests, with force in some cases. Dec 25, 2011 the light from the arab spring rose from the ground up. Dec 23, 2015 the first factor to consider is the dramatic shift in the arab family structure. Libyathe death of dictator first protests in libya started on january 2011 but mass uprisings began in the city of benghazi on 15 february 2011. Third, and perhaps more importantly, is the notion of the decline of capitalism or the capitalist relation as they would have it that serves to frame the text. Causes of the arab spring causes of the arab spring may be described as following. February 24th, libya activists increase pressure on the ghaddafi regime, shutting down oil exports, burning police stations, and mobilizing armed rebel groups in western libya. Arab world is rarely viewed in isolation, and that this apprehension predates the transformative events of recent months. May 23, 2012 the transition to democracy is proving far from easy for countries affected by the arab spring uprisings. Tarek masoud tarek masoud is associate professor of public policy at harvard uni versitys john f. Instead, a new arab political identity with an antidespotic, pluralis t and democracyseekin g approach is dawning.
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